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fixed#fixed" data-fixed-isfixed-value="false"> Academics Research Campus Life Admissions & Aid About ACCESS Apply GIVE JP EN For Others, With Others shortcut-nav#toggleOpen"> JP EN ACCESS APPLY GIVE fixed#fixed" data-fixed-isfixed-value="false" data-fixed-margin-value="144" data-fixed-range-selector-value=".-layout-column2" > Articles News Press Release Ammonia-Powered Engines: A Path to Cleaner and More Efficient Transportation #Research #Faculty #For Corporate Partners, Press and Media #Mechanical Engineering Division #Master’s & Doctoral Programs in Science and Technology #Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences #Graduate School of Science and Technology #Faculty of Science and Technology 2024.03.05 copyurl#copy"> bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> By optimizing air–fuel mixing conditions for efficient ammonia combustion, the study brings us closer to viable ammonia-fueled vehicles View larger image The use of ammonia as a fuel addresses challenges related to hydrogen storage and transport. However, ammonia is a challenging fuel to burn efficiently. Now, researchers at Sophia University have explored intake port opening conditions that lead to swirling flow in engines. They improve the mixing of air and fuel for more efficient combustion. The findings could pave the way for ammonia-fueled vehicles, supporting the UN&＃8217;s Sustainable Development Goal for clean and sustainable energy. While the transportation sector has witnessed a dramatic shift toward electric vehicles (EVs), the idea of using hydrogen as a clean and efficient fuel for transportation has been explored for many decades. These vehicles emit water on combustion, and since they are based on the production of existing engine vehicles, they are expected to have a lower manufacturing carbon footprint than EVs. However, storing and transporting hydrogen requires high pressures and low temperatures, which are energy-intensive processes. To address this, ammonia has been considered as a potential carrier of hydrogen for fuel cells or combustion engines. But ammonia is a hard-to-burn fuel and requires mixing with gasoline for efficient combustion. Since 2019, Professor Mitsuhisa Ichiyanagi from the Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the Faculty of Science and Technology at Sophia University, along with Emir Yilmaz and Takashi Suzuki, also from Sophia University, has been working to design engines where ammonia can be used as a standalone fuel. Their work focuses on intake port opening conditions that enhance the mixing of air with fuel inside the engine cylinder for a more efficient combustion. In a study published in the journal Energies on 17 December 2023, the researchers determine intake port opening conditions that would lead to swirling flow conditions within the cylinder of an engine. “Airflow within cylinders profoundly affects combustion and emissions by influencing the air–fuel mixing phenomenon,” says Prof. Ichiyanagi. “With the aim of burning only ammonia, we have basically investigated the relationship between the engine&＃8217;s intake system and the flow inside cylinders.” Swirling flow refers to a vortex-like pattern of air–fuel mixture entering the engine’s cylinder. This is advantageous as it promotes better mixing of air and fuel, creating a more homogenous mixture, leading to improved combustion and reduced emissions. The researchers conducted their investigation in an optical single-cylinder diesel engine with a glass cylinder and piston. For air intake, the engine used conventional tangential and helical intake ports. To visualize the air flows in the engine, the researchers introduced silica particles with diameters of 4.65 µm as tracers during the intake stroke and monitored their movement in the engine with a high-speed CMOS camera. Air entering through the helical port develops into swirling patterns, while air from the tangential port initially produces no vortical structure. However, when redirected by the cylinder walls, it eventually generates swirling structures. In their earlier experiments, the researchers observed that airflow velocity remained relatively constant across various helical port openings. So, leaving the helical port completely open, they varied the opening of the tangential port to 0 %, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% to determine its effect on intake and in-cylinder flows during the intake and compression strokes. The researchers noted the successful generation of swirl flows in the early stage of the compression stroke when the opening of the tangential port was more than 25%. The formation of swirl flows was observed to correlate with low variances of turbulent kinetic energy during the intake stroke and low variances of the swirl center position during the compression stroke. The observation of swirl flows in the cylinder opens the door to efficient ammonia combustion in the engine. The researchers intend to apply the findings from this study to investigate the combustion characteristics of an ammonia–gasoline mixture or only ammonia in the engine. Driven mostly by EVs, the demand for lithium is expected to exceed 2.4 million metric tons by the 2030s, a significant increase from the 130,000 metric tons produced in 2022. According to the International Energy Agency, this could lead to potential lithium shortages as early as 2025. In such a situation, ammonia emerges as a promising alternative clean fuel. Although there are challenges to overcome before ammonia-fueled vehicles become a reality, this research holds promise for achieving current and future decarbonization goals. “The development of ammonia-fueled engine vehicles is expected to not only reduce carbon dioxide emissions from engines but also contribute to realizing a hydrogen energy society,” says Prof. Ichiyanagi. Reference Title of original paper: Experimental Investigation of the In-Cylinder Flow of a Compression Ignition Optical Engine for Different Tangential Port Opening AreasJournal: EnergiesDOI: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8110Authors: Mitsuhisa Ichiyanagi 1, *, Emir Yilmaz 1, Kohei Hamada 2, Taiga Hara 2, Willyanto Anggono 3, and Takashi Suzuki 1Affiliations: 1 Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Sophia University 2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University 3 Mechanical Engineering Department, Petra Christian University About Professor Mitsuhisa Ichiyanagi from Sophia University Professor Mitsuhisa Ichiyanagi graduated from the Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, and received his Ph.D. in Engineering after completing the doctoral program at the university’s Graduate School of Science and Technology. Took on several positions—such as project researcher at the University of Tokyo’s Graduate School of Engineering as well as assistant professor and associate professor at the Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University—before assuming current position in 2022. Funding information This research was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 19K04244). Media contact Office of Public Relations, Sophia University [email protected] copyurl#copy"> bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> #Research #Faculty #For Corporate Partners, Press and Media #Mechanical Engineering Division #Master’s & Doctoral Programs in Science and Technology #Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences #Graduate School of Science and Technology #Faculty of Science and Technology View full article list Related Contents Learning at Sophia bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Discovering the confidence to become the change I wish to see in the world #Department of Liberal Arts#Faculty of Liberal Arts 2023.10.16 Read Learning at Sophia bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Discovering that the world is too big to see alone #Department of Management#Faculty of Economics 2023.01.16 Read Learning at Sophia bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> A single encounter can be the inspiration to put our new knowledge into action #Faculty of Humanities#Department of French Literature 2022.12.19 Read The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Kant and the nature of teaching: philosophical perspectives bring depth to teaching #Department of Education#Faculty of Human Sciences 2023.08.31 Read The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> What is “constructive Galois theory”? #Department of Information and Communication Sciences#Faculty of Science and Technology 2023.11.07 Read The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Is this mango really tasty? Seeking better product and service quality with data analysis #Department of Information and Communication Sciences#Faculty of Science and Technology 2023.08.28 Read HOME Articles News Press Release Ammonia-Powered Engines: A Path to Cleaner and More Efficient Transportation Sophia University For Others, With Others Official Social Media Academics accordion#toggle" > Undergraduate Programs accordion#toggle" > Faculty of Theology Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Human Sciences Faculty of Law Faculty of Economics Faculty of Foreign Studies Faculty of Global Studies Faculty of Liberal Arts Faculty of Science and Technology SPSF: Sophia Program for Sustainable Futures University-wide General Education accordion#toggle" > Studies in Christian Humanism Embodied Wisdom The Art of Thinking and Expression Data Science Language Education Global Education at Sophia University accordion#toggle" > Learning at Sophia University Learning Abroad Learning Support Graduate Programs accordion#toggle" > Graduate School of Theology Graduate School of Humanities Graduate School of Applied Religious Studies Graduate School of Human Sciences Graduate School of Law Graduate School of Economics Graduate School of Languages and Linguistics Graduate School of Global Studies Graduate School of Science and Technology Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Graduate Degree Program of Applied Data Sciences Course of Midwifery Lifelong Learning Research accordion#toggle" > Sophia University Research Initiatives accordion#toggle" > Sophia Open Research Weeks (SORW) Research Institutes Industry-Government-Academia Collaboration Intellectual Property Sophia University’s Research Promotion System accordion#toggle" > Research on Priority Areas and Research on Optional Subjects Regulations Governing Research Activities and Use of Research Funds Campus Life accordion#toggle" > Semester Classification and Class Schedule Extracurricular Activities Volunteer Activities Global Learning Community Student Counseling Services accordion#toggle" > Mental and Physical Health Consultation Harassment Prevention Measures Support for Students with Disabilities Career Development Support accordion#toggle" > Career Design Program Career support for students with Study Abroad experience / Global Careers Statistics Relating to Post-graduation Employment (Provisional Acceptance), Graduate Outcomes, etc. Guidance for Corporate Recruiters Guidance for Graduates Housing Support Facilities Available on and off Campus accordion#toggle" > Facilities available at the Yotsuya Campus Other Facilities Admissions & Aid accordion#toggle" > Sophia University Admissions Policy Degrees offered by Sophia University Non-Matriculated Student Research Student, Foreign Special Research Student, and MEXT Scholarship Student Exchange Student from an Overseas University Non-Degree Student Sophia Short-term Program Student Tuition and Scholarships accordion#toggle" > Tuition Scholarships to Apply for Before Entering Undergraduate Programs Scholarships for Undergraduate Students New National Financial Support Program for Receiving Higher Education Scholarships for Graduate School Students Expenses and Scholarships for Studying Abroad Financial Support for Those with Abrupt Changes in Family Economic Circumstances and for Victims of Disasters About accordion#toggle" > Message from the President The Spirit of Sophia University accordion#toggle" > Philosophy of Sophia University History of Sophia University Sophia Archives Sophia as a Catholic University Global Engagement accordion#toggle" > Visits from Global Intellectuals Global Campus United Nation Weeks &＃038; 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